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Initially, because of the inadequate sensitivity of devices and other limitations, only major venom components of the dominant species were studied. However, in last two decades, increased sensitivity of devices and the development of new techniques, such as transcriptomics and proteomics techniques, have permitted us to analyze the structures and functions of rare species and to identify novel minor components. As a result, the number of venom components identified is increasing dramatically and the physiological functions of each component is more deeply understood. The scope of this book provides the readers an updated and comprehensive presentation on snake venoms. The subjects are divided into six sections, starting with the overview of snake venom compositions in Malaysian species, followed by description of enzymes and enzyme inhibitors contained in snake venoms. Also discussed are the effects of snake venom on cellular receptors, ion channels, blood, and lymph, as well as cytotoxic and antimicrobial molecules present in snake venoms. The last section covers the clinical consequences of envenomation and the management of snakebites using antivenins.

Medicine. --- Pharmacology. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Animal physiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Animal Physiology. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Physiology --- Composition --- Toxicology. --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Science --- Technology --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology

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In recent years, the field of Toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, Toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of toxins on human body. Given the huge impact of toxin-based deaths globally, and the potential of venom in generation of drugs for so-far incurable diseases (for example, Diabetes, Chronic Pain), the continued research and growth of the field is imminent. This has led to the growth of research in the area and the consequent scholarly output by way of publications in journals and books. Despite this ever growing body of literature within biomedical sciences, there is still no all-inclusive reference work available that collects all of the important biochemical, biomedical and clinical insights relating to Toxinology. The Handbook of Toxinology aims to address this gap and cover the field of Toxinology comprehensively.

General biochemistry --- Biology --- Animal physiology. Animal biophysics --- History of human medicine --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Human medicine --- farmacologie --- biochemie --- biologie --- geneeskunde --- fysiologie --- zoölogie